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It was designed in 1971 by the TsNII-TochMash weapon design bureau, but exactly how and why the design was ordered are unknown to published sources. The origins of the KS-23 are somewhat obscure. Firing an enormous 23 mm shell, comparable to in size to the old 6-gauge shell, it is possibly the most powerful tactical shotgun in use today.
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Officially classified as a carbine (KS being shorthand for 'Karabin Spetsialniy', or 'Special Carbine'), the unique Russian-made KS-23 shotgun was developed primarily for the purpose of suppressing riots.
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